The National Museum of Ethnology (Museum Volkenkunde)  in Leiden, the Netherlands, maintains a number of world-renowned collections, assembled by illustrious collectors.

King William I (1772-1843) founded the Royal Cabinet of Curiosities in 1816 in The Hague on the basis of a collection of “Chinese curiosities”, donated by a private collector. The King was very interested in collecting and requested the governing bodies in the Colonies to promote this and see to it that objects were donated to him. Over the years, curiosities of all kinds were added to the collection, but ethnographic objects continued to form its core. This was reinforced by the acquisition in 1826 and 1831 of Japanese objects collected by J. Cock Blomhoff and Ph. F. von Siebold followed by the J.F. van Overmeer Fisscher’s collection in 1832. After the Royal Cabinet of Curiosities received the Japanese collection of J. Cock Blomhoff, its policy became to form a comprehensive collection of objects, which would serve to explain to the Dutch audience what Japanese culture was. In 1883 the Royal Cabinet of Curiosities was dissolved and the ethnographic objects went to the National Ethnographic Museum in Leiden that had been opened 19 years earlier, in 1864. Its collections were expanded considerably. Then, in the first decades of the twentieth century, a great deal of material from Indonesia was added. The museum was also able to acquire some valuable collections from the South Seas, Africa (including the Benin bronzes), America (including a remarkable collection of Peruvian ceramics), Tibet and Siberia. In 1937 the museum moved to its present premises and was renamed National Museum of Ethnology. After the Second World War, exhibits from places such as New Guinea and Greenland arrived. In the second half of the Twentieth Century the curators of the museum continued to collect. The National Museum of Ethnology became famous all over the world for its well-documented collections. The museum underwent a major renovation in the 1990s.

Integration into the National Museum of World Cultures

The National Museum of World Cultures officially came into being on 1 April 2014, when the National Museum of Ethnology, the Tropenmuseum (est. 1864, Amsterdam) and the Africa Museum (est. 1954, Berg en Dal) merged to form one museum on three sites. The Tropenmuseum, Africa Museum and Museum Volkenkunde will continue to be known by these names. In terms of audience reach, the new museum is in the Netherlands’ top ten, and manages a collection of over 400,000 items. Academic research will take place at the new Research Centre for Material Culture. The museum’s mission remains as up-to-date as ever: to help foster and preserve an open-minded view of the world. Collection size: 200,000 objects with 500,000 pieces in the image and multimedia libraries and 40,000 books. Permanent Collection: Collection of the Chinese Qing period, Japanese paintings, Collection of Late Edo period, Collection of Bunka-Bunsei period, Ritual objects from Tibet, Santal culture collection, Indian gold jewellery, Korean ritual objects, Indonesian wayang, batik and kris, Indo-Javanese collection, Tapa from Oceania , Fiji collection, American Indian silver jewellery, Pueblo pottery, Navajo textiles, Hopi Kachina dolls, Mesoamerican textiles, Mesoamerican ballgame, Modern art from Greenland artists, Sami collection, Siberian collection, West and Central African collection (Benin bronzes), Collection of photographs.

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